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Microsoft Windows
Windows is one of the most widely used operating systems globally, and it comes in various editions, such as Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions.
Types of Windows Licenses:
- OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) License: These licenses come pre-installed on new computers when you purchase them from a manufacturer. OEM licenses are typically tied to the hardware they came with and are non-transferable to other computers.
- Retail License: Retail licenses are purchased separately from a computer, typically in a physical box or as a digital download. They can be transferred to another computer as long as they are uninstalled from the previous one.
- Volume License: Volume licenses are used by businesses and organizations that need to install Windows on multiple computers. These licenses offer flexibility and centralized management but require a minimum number of licenses to qualify.
Microsoft Office
Microsoft Office is a suite of productivity software applications developed by Microsoft. It includes a variety of programs designed to help users create, edit, and manage documents, spreadsheets, presentations, email, and more.
Types of Office Licenses:
1. Microsoft 365:
- Microsoft 365 Personal: This subscription plan is designed for individuals and includes Office apps, OneDrive storage, and other services for personal use.
- Microsoft 365 Family: Similar to Personal but allows installation on multiple devices and is intended for use by a family or household.
2. Office 2019/2021:
- One-Time Purchase: Office 2019 is a version of Microsoft Office that you purchase with a one-time payment. Unlike Office 365, you do not need a subscription.
- No Ongoing Updates: It does not receive regular feature updates like Office 365. You get the features available at the time of purchase, but new features are not added over time.
- Perpetual License: It's licensed for use on a single computer and does not include online storage.
3. Office Online:
- Free Web-Based Apps: Microsoft offers free, simplified versions of its Office applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and more) that can be used in a web browser. These are available to anyone with a Microsoft account.
- Limited Features: Office Online has fewer features compared to the desktop versions of Office, but it's a convenient option for basic tasks and collaboration.
5. Volume Licensing:
- Businesses and Organizations: Large organizations can purchase Office licenses through volume licensing programs like Microsoft Volume Licensing, which provide flexibility and centralized management of Office installations across the organization.
Microsoft offers various editions of Windows Server to cater to different needs, including Windows Server Standard Edition, Windows Server Datacenter Edition, and more. Each edition has different features and licensing requirements.
1. Types of Windows Server Editions: Microsoft offers various editions of Windows Server to cater to different needs, including Windows Server Standard Edition, Windows Server Datacenter Edition, and more. Each edition has different features and licensing requirements.
2. Licensing Models: Windows Server licenses can be obtained through several licensing models, including:
- Per Core Licensing: In this model, you purchase licenses based on the number of processor cores in your server. This is the primary licensing model for Windows Server 2016 and later.
- Per User/Per Device Licensing: This model allows you to purchase licenses based on the number of users or devices that will access the server. It's typically used in smaller environments.
- Subscription Licensing: Microsoft also offers subscription-based licensing, such as Windows Server Subscription or Azure Hybrid Benefit, which can be more flexible for certain scenarios.
3. CALs (Client Access Licenses): In addition to the server license, you may need Client Access Licenses (CALs) for each user or device that accesses the server. CALs are required for certain server roles and services, such as Active Directory, Remote Desktop Services, and more.
4. Virtualization: If you plan to run Windows Server in a virtualized environment, you may need additional licensing for virtual machines (VMs) depending on the edition and licensing model.
5. Versions and Releases: Microsoft regularly updates and releases new versions of Windows Server. It's important to ensure that you have the appropriate licenses for the specific version you're using.
6. License Compliance: Organizations should maintain compliance with Microsoft's licensing terms to avoid legal issues. This includes keeping track of licenses, CALs, and adhering to the licensing model relevant to your deployment.
7. Azure and Cloud: Microsoft also offers Windows Server licenses for use in Azure and other cloud platforms. These licenses may differ from on-premises licenses and are often billed based on usage.